These bumps, also known as nail ridges or Beau’s lines, can appear on either the fingernails or toenails. They typically run vertically down the length of the nail and may be more noticeable on some nails than others.
So what causes these bumps to form? There are a few different factors that could contribute to their appearance. One possible cause is trauma to the nail bed, such as from injuring your finger or dropping something heavy on it. Another possibility is an underlying medical condition or nutritional deficiency. In rare cases, these bumps could indicate a more serious health issue,
Worried about a bump on the nail? This guide covers what it means, why it happens, and what you can do next.
Nail Ridges and Bumps
Nail ridges and bumps, though often overlooked, can reveal a lot about our overall health. Vertical ridges that run from the cuticle to the tip are typically harmless and may become more pronounced with age. However, they can also signify underlying health issues such as stress, kidney disease, or thyroid disease. Iron deficiency is another common culprit.
On the other hand, horizontal ridges, also known as Beau’s lines, can indicate more serious conditions. These ridges may form due to malnutrition, severe nail injury, or serious illnesses that disrupt nail growth. Changes in the growth rate of nails due to psychological stress can also lead to the formation of these ridges.
Understanding the causes and types of ridges and bumps on your nails is crucial for identifying potential health problems. Proper nail care, protecting your nails from trauma, and addressing medical conditions promptly can help maintain healthy nails and prevent these abnormalities.
Common Causes of Bumps on Nails
Bumps on nails can be commonly caused by a variety of factors, ranging from physical trauma to underlying health conditions. Some common causes include nail trauma, infections, and nail disorders.
Knowing these causes can help you better identify and address nail bumps.
1. Nail Trauma or Injury
Trauma to the nail matrix, such as slamming a finger in a door or dropping something heavy, can lead to the appearance of Beau’s lines. These injuries cause a temporary halt in nail growth, resulting in horizontal ridges across the nail. Swelling and bump formation are common as the nail and surrounding tissue heal.
Different types of injuries, such as impact, crushing, or repetitive trauma, can all damage the nails and result in bumps or ridges. Protecting your nails from injuries and seeking medical attention for significant pain or changes in nail appearance is important.
2. Ingrown Nails
Ingrown nails occur when the edge of a nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. This condition can create painful bumps near the nail bed and is often exacerbated by tight shoes or improper nail trimming.
To prevent ingrown nails, trim them straight across and avoid tight-fitting wear shoes. Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pain or signs of infection.
3. Nail Infections
Nail infections can be bacterial infection, fungal, or viral in nature, each causing distinct symptoms and complications. These infections often result in swelling and bumps at the nail base, accompanied by pain, redness, and discharge.
Fungal infections, in particular, can cause discoloration and a crumbly texture, leading to bumpy and thickened nails. Proper nail hygiene and prompt treatment for infections can prevent long-term nail damage.
4. Benign Growths (Cysts)
Cysts, such as sebaceous cysts, can form on or near the nails, causing noticeable bumps. These benign growths often develop slowly and vary in size and shape. Although generally harmless, they can be bothersome and may need medical intervention if they cause discomfort or interfere with nail function.
5. Warts
Warts on the nails and surrounding skin are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These growths can create bumps on the nails and may be accompanied by rough, raised areas on the skin.
Although generally harmless, warts can be unsightly and sometimes painful, requiring treatment.
6. Nail Disorders
Various nail disorders, such as nail psoriasis and fungal infections, can lead to bumps and other abnormalities. Nail psoriasis, for instance, can cause thinning, crumbling, or the formation of horizontal grooves, resulting in bumpy nails. These disorders affect the nail matrix, leading to changes in nail growth and appearance.
Managing these nail problems starts with identifying and treating the underlying condition of the fingernail.
7. Subungual Hematoma
A subungual hematoma occurs when blood accumulates under the nail due to injury, causing pain, discoloration, and swelling. This condition typically appears as a dark discoloration under the nail and may require medical attention if it causes significant discomfort or nail damage.
8. Tumors or Cancer
Rare tumors or cancers, such as melanoma, can cause bumps under the nail. These growths may present as dark streaks or changes in nail texture and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of action.
Symptoms of a Bump on the Nail
Symptoms of a bump on the nail can manifest in various forms, including pain, swelling, discoloration, and pus. Recognizing these symptoms early on can help you address the underlying cause and seek appropriate treatment.
1. Pain or Tenderness
Pain is often the first sign of a nail bump, with its intensity varying based on the underlying cause. Persistent or severe pain warrants medical attention to determine the cause and receive treatment.
2. Redness or Swelling
Redness and swelling around the nail bump are common symptoms, often resulting from infections or trauma. Persistent or worsening swelling may indicate a more serious issue requiring medical attention.
3. Discoloration of the Nail
Nail discoloration can occur due to injuries, causing bruising or hematomas. Yellowing of the nails is often associated with fungal infections, while dark streaks may indicate more serious conditions like subungual melanoma.
Unusual nail discoloration, such as bruising, yellow nails, or a dark streak, should prompt a consultation with a healthcare professional to rule out serious conditions involving yellow nail syndrome and a yellow nail varnish.
4. Pus or Drainage
Pus or drainage around a nail bump indicates an infection and may need medical intervention. The color and consistency of the pus can offer clues about the infection type and severity.
5. Nail Deformities
Bumps on the nails thicken can cause deformities, such as thickening or misalignment. These may indicate a serious underlying issue, such as nail dystrophy, and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
6. Itching or Irritation
Itching and irritation around a nail bump can indicate conditions like warts or fungal infections. Such discomfort should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
7. Blood Under the Nail (Hematoma)
Blood accumulating under the nail, known as a subungual hematoma, appears as dark discoloration after an injury. Untreated hematomas can lead to complications, so seek medical attention if you notice these symptoms.
Identifying Symptoms of Nail Bumps
Consult a doctor if you notice:
- nails separating from the skin
- swelling
- redness
- bleeding around the nails
These symptoms could indicate serious health problems and may be a sign of vitamin deficiency requiring prompt medical attention in severe cases.
Nail Psoriasis and Bumps
Nail psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder resulting in rapid skin cell production, affecting both fingernails and toenails. This condition is not contagious and can lead to symptoms like pitting, characterized by small depressions on the skin surface. In some cases, these pits can be quite large and noticeable, potentially indicating underlying skin conditions.
Nail psoriasis can also cause the nails to detach from the nail bed, leading to potential infections and further complications. Promptly identifying and treating nail psoriasis can prevent issues and maintain nail health.
Beau’s Lines: A Specific Type of Nail Bump
Beau lines are horizontal grooves found on fingernails or toenails, indicating a disruption in nail growth due to various factors called beau’s lines. These lines may form due to trauma, extreme cold exposure, or serious illness, causing a temporary halt in nail growth.
Illness, injury, or cold temperatures can interrupt nail growth, resulting in Beau’s lines. These lines appear a few months after nail growth stops and move up the nail. A nail ridge filler can temporarily mask their appearance during recovery.
Diagnosing the Underlying Cause
A thorough physical examination of the nails is crucial for identifying potential systemic diseases. Blood tests may be needed to assess conditions like hypoalbuminemia related to specific nail abnormalities. Reviewing medical history can help determine if past illnesses contributed to current nail issues.
Health issues like poor blood flow due to conditions such as diabetes or Raynaud’s phenomenon may also result in Beau’s lines. Diagnosing the underlying cause of nail bumps is essential for effective treatment and prevention.
Treatment Options for Nail Bumps
Nutritional deficiencies, like a lack of zinc or vitamin B12, can cause nail ridges and bumps. Addressing these through dietary changes can improve nail health and reduce bumps. Biotin supplements may also enhance nail strength, especially for those with brittle nails.
Using a moisturizer on nails and cuticles can help keep them hydrated and prevent brittleness. Proper nail care and addressing underlying health issues are crucial for treating and preventing nail bumps.
Preventive Measures for Healthy Nails
Healthy nail care routines are crucial to prevent issues such as splitting, ingrown nails, and infections. Here are some practical tips:
- Wear cotton-lined rubber gloves while cleaning or handling strong chemicals to protect nails from damage.
- Trim nails straight across and gently round the tips to reduce the risk of splits and ingrown nails.
- Avoid nail biting and picking at cuticles to prevent damage to the nail bed and reduce infection risk.
- Limit the use of nail polish remover, especially those containing acetone, to protect nail integrity.
- Manage chronic conditions like diabetes and peripheral artery disease, as they are important for nail health.
Emotional stress, including events like divorce or job loss, can affect nail health and potentially lead to Beau’s lines. Taking care of your overall health and well-being will reflect positively on your nails.
When to See a Doctor
If your nails change in color, texture, shape, or thickness without a known reason, see a doctor. Nail abnormalities without a known cause, especially significant nail changes, should prompt a medical consultation.
If you don’t remember injuring a nail that appears damaged, see a healthcare professional. Also, consult your GP if chronic paronychia is severe.