A common ear problem is probably affecting more people than you think. Thus, statistically speaking, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, 90% of children are found to have fluid behind the eardrum at least once before the age of 10.
Of course, we adults are not spared too!
You ought to know that this common condition (known to medical doctors as otitis media with effusion, or OME) can affect your hearing. Generally speaking, it is caused by three primary factors: the malfunctioning of the Eustachian tube, allergy, or infection.
Now that you’re experiencing ear pain, muffled hearing, or that fullness feeling in your ear, shouldn’t you start treating it immediately?
For this reason, we’re here to explain the causes, symptoms, and treatments related to fluid behind the eardrum in adults so you can manage this condition well.
Key Takeaways
- Fluid behind the eardrum, also known as otitis media with effusion (OME), can affect hearing and is often caused by Eustachian tube issues, allergies, or infections.
- Common symptoms in adults are ear pain, muffled hearing, and a feeling of fullness in the ear, which should be addressed immediately.
- Treatment options are from medications to surgical interventions, and preventing fluid buildup is by managing allergies, good hygiene, and avoiding irritants.
What is Fluid Behind the Eardrum?
Fluid behind the eardrum, medically known as otitis media with effusion (OME), is the presence of thick or sticky middle ear fluid in the middle ear without any infection.
This condition is called otitis media, with severity varying with the fluid being either thin and watery or developing into a thicker consistency often referred to as ‘adults, ar.’. In adults, this fluid is usually clear and watery and does not mean an infection.
Moreover, research conducted by the National Institute of Health shows that 2.2 million annual cases are diagnosed in the United States.
This fluid buildup can affect hearing and cause symptoms, a range of symptoms, which we’ll discuss below.
Common Symptoms in Adults
When fluid accumulates behind the eardrum, adults may experience several symptoms that can disrupt daily life.
You may feel persistent discomfort, which is one of the most common. Plus, impaired hearing or muffled sounds can occur due to the fluid interfering with the normal vibration of the eardrum.
Here are the common symptoms to watch out for:
- Ear pain or discomfort
- Muffled hearing
- Feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
- Balance issues
These symptoms can make it hard to focus at work or enjoy leisure activities. If you experience any of these symptoms, consider the underlying causes and seek treatment.
Causes of Fluid Build-up
The Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, plays a critical role in draining fluid from the ear.
When this tube is blocked or doesn’t function properly, fluid can accumulate in the middle ear.
1. Heart Conditions
Congestive heart failure is a significant risk factor that can cause fluid accumulation in various parts of the body, including the legs, lungs, and abdomen. When the heart’s ability is compromised, fluid retention becomes a common issue that can also affect the ears.
Heart conditions need to be monitored, and medical advice should be sought to manage fluid buildup well.
2. Kidney Issues
Kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease or acute kidney failure can cause the body to retain excess sodium and fluid. This retention often leads to swelling in various parts of the body, including the legs, face, and potentially the ears.
Proper kidney health management prevents fluid buildup that can affect ear function.
3. Liver Disease
Cirrhosis of the liver, an impeded venous flow resulting in fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites) and legs. This fluid retention can also affect the middle ear, causing discomfort and hearing issues.
4. Lymphatic System Blockage (Lymphedema)
Blockage in the lymphatic system can cause the accumulation of lymphatic fluid, typically in the arms or legs. This condition called lymphedema can also affect the ears if fluid buildup occurs in the surrounding areas.
5. Venous Insufficiency
Weak or damaged veins in the legs pool, causing blood to pool, resulting in fluid buildup in the lower extremities. This condition called venous insufficiency can also cause fluid retention in the ears.
6. Hormonal fluctuations
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly the menstrual cycle, can cause temporary fluid retention. These changes can cause fluid buildup in various body parts, including the ears.
7. Medications
Some medications, such as calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and hormonal treatments, can cause fluid buildup. If you notice fluid retention medications, consult your healthcare provider.
Adjusting dosage or changing medications can sometimes resolve the issue.
Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your medication regimen.
8. Infections and Inflammation
Localized infections or inflammatory conditions like cellulitis or arthritis can cause swelling in the affected area. This swelling can travel to the ears and cause fluid buildup and symptoms.
Reducing fluid accumulation involves treating the underlying infection or inflammation.
9. Malnutrition and Low Protein Levels
Inadequate protein intake or severe malnutrition can impede the body’s ability to maintain fluid balance and cause edema. This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the ears.
10. Allergic Reactions
Allergies can cause localized fluid buildup in response to allergens, resulting in swelling in areas like the face or throat. This reaction can travel to the ears and cause fluid accumulation and discomfort.
11. Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
Blocked veins due to blood clots can cause fluid retention and swelling in the affected leg. This condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can also affect ear health if fluid buildup occurs.
12. Cancer and Tumors
Tumors can obstruct lymphatic or blood vessels and cause localized fluid accumulation. This obstruction can affect various body parts, including the ears.
13. Prolonged Sitting or Standing
Being in one position for long periods can cause fluid to leak in the vein, resulting in temporary swelling. This fluid buildup can also affect the ears if it persists. Regular breaks to move around and improve prevention prevent these issues.
If symptoms worsen, seek medical advice.
Diagnosis
Fluid behind the eardrum is usually diagnosed by combining medical history, physical exams and specific tests.
An otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) is often recommended for accurate diagnosis and treatment. During the diagnosis process, an otoscopy is performed to examine the ear canal and eardrum for any abnormalities.
Tympanometry is another diagnostic tool that evaluates the function of the middle ear by measuring how well the eardrum moves in response to pressure changes.
An audiologist interprets the tympanogram results to identify potential ear problems. Hearing tests also assess an individual’s ability to hear sounds to pinpoint the source of hearing issues.
Treatment Options for Adults
Treatment options for adults with fluid behind the eardrum include antibiotics and other medications to manage symptoms.
In chronic cases, ventilation tubes may be inserted through the eardrum to allow for fluid drainage and pressure equalization.
Some supplements like vitamin C, zinc, and echinacea may be recommended along with conventional treatment to boost the immune system and aid in recovery.
Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for your needs and health conditions.
How to Get Rid Of Fluid Behind Eardrum in Adults
Preventing fluid accumulation behind the eardrum involves several strategies.
Managing allergies effectively can reduce the incidence of fluid in the middle ear. Minimize exposure to pollutants and cigarette smoke, as they can worsen Eustachian tube dysfunction.
By the way, research from the CDC reveals that good hygiene can help prevent ear infections.
You must keep your allergies under control and avoid anything that will irritate your ears. A study of healthcare professionals found that 97.6% cleaned their own ears, and 8.6% said they hurt their ears because of it.
Of note: Recent clinical studies show that 74% of OME cases resolve with the appropriate treatment in three months.
Sounds good, right? That being said, you’ll need to act fast for best results.
Here are 8 ways to prevent:
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce Eustachian tube dysfunction related to obesity.
- Avoid secondhand smoke.
- Practice good hygiene and regular hand washing to reduce infection risk.
- Use allergy medications as prescribed.
- Avoid known allergens.
- Use a humidifier to maintain indoor humidity levels.
- Stay hydrated to support overall bodily functions.
- Exercise regularly to improve circulation.
Complications
If fluid behind the eardrum is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Chronic otitis media, permanent loss, and recurrent infections are some of the risks. Continuous fluid can cause permanent structural changes in the ear, resulting in long-term hearing loss.
Untreated fluid can also allow infections to spread to surrounding areas and potentially cause severe conditions like meningitis.
When to See a Doctor
Ear pain, hearing loss, loss, or other symptoms should prompt medical attention. Symptoms that last more than a few days may indicate an underlying issue that needs professional evaluation.
Severe discomfort or acute otitis media symptoms like sudden loss of balance or severe pain should prompt immediate medical consultation.
Middle ear infections and inner ear issues are managed by physicians and audiologists and require their expertise for proper care.
Wrap Up
With all of this in mind, fluid behind the eardrum in adults is a bothersome condition with many causes, symptoms, and treatment options. The rates of resolution can be different based on the type of treatment that is given. A systematic review, for example, found that kids who were given oral antibiotics were more likely to have their OME go away completely two to three months after the allocation than kids who were not given antibiotics. The risk ratio was 2.00 ((95% confidence interval: 1.58 to 2.53), and 5 people would need to be treated.
